Understanding Ganglion Cysts: Causes, Common Locations, and Treatment Options 

What Is a Ganglion Cyst?

A ganglion cyst (often just called a cyst) is a fluid-filled lump that most commonly appears near joints or tendons. Interestingly, the term “ganglion cyst” is redundant, since “ganglion” and “cyst” refer to the same condition. 

These cysts are benign (noncancerous) and can vary in size, often appearing and disappearing over time, and may feel firm or rubbery to the touch.   

Ganglion cysts appear most commonly on the wrist and fingers (less often on the foot). Many are painless, but some cause tenderness, reduced motion, or weakness depending on location and size.

Common Areas Where Ganglion Cysts Appear

Dr. Dolf Ichtertz explains that ganglion cysts most frequently develop in three primary areas:

1. Top of the Wrist (Dorsum of the Wrist):

   Typically appearing between the scaphoid and lunate bones, these cysts can press on a small nerve known as the posterior interosseous nerve, causing discomfort.

2. Palm Side of the Wrist:

   These occur near the main flexor tendon, called the FCR tendon. While often harmless, they can sometimes limit wrist movement or cause tenderness.

3. Base of the Finger (Flexor Retinacular Cyst):

   Found at the crease where the finger meets the palm, these cysts are the most uncomfortable because they hurt when gripping objects. In many cases, surgical removal is recommended for long-term relief.

What Causes Ganglion Cysts? 

The exact cause of ganglion cysts isn’t always clear, but they are considered degenerative, meaning they often develop as the body’s tissues wear down over time. 

The cysts form when the lining of a tendon or joint capsule weakens and allows the joint fluid to leak and collect, creating a lump. Repetitive use, prior minor sprains, or age-related changes can contribute, though many occur without a clear trigger.

Interestingly, cysts in children under 12 often disappear on their own. Because of this, doctors rarely recommend removing them unless they persist or become bothersome.

When to Treat or Remove a Ganglion Cyst 

Not all cysts require treatment. Many resolve naturally, especially in younger patients. However, cysts may need removal if they:

• Hurt or cause nerve compression (numbness, tingling, weakness)
• Limit motion or interfere with work/sports
• Keep enlarging or are cosmetically bothersome

Dr. Ichtertz cautions against “popping” a cyst with a needle, since this often leads to recurrence. When surgically removed, the underlying tissue degeneration is also addressed, preventing the cyst from coming back.

Mucous Cysts: A Common Type in Older Adults

A specific type of ganglion cyst called a mucous cyst tends to appear on the end joint of the finger (DIP joint), usually in adults over 50. These cysts are often linked to arthritis and can deform the fingernail or cause a deep ridge to form.

Left untreated, a ruptured mucous cyst can expose the joint to infection, sometimes leading to severe complications that may require joint fusion. Fortunately, removing the cyst and any associated bone spurs typically resolves the problem and restores the nail’s appearance over time.

Ganglion Cyst Treatment and Recovery at Nebraska Hand & Shoulder Institute

Treatment for ganglion cysts depends on the type, symptoms and severity:

• Observation: Many cysts disappear without treatment.
• Aspiration: Draining the cyst may offer temporary relief, though recurrence is common.
• Surgical Removal: Recommended for painful, persistent, or cosmetically concerning cysts.

At Nebraska Hand & Shoulder Institute, Dr. Ichtertz carefully evaluates each patient using X-rays and physical exams to rule out other conditions. Surgical removal is performed when necessary, ensuring minimal scarring and optimal recovery.

After removal of mucous cysts, fingernails typically regrow normally within four months.

If you notice a lump on your wrist or finger that doesn’t go away—or causes pain while gripping—it’s time to see a specialist. Early diagnosis ensures proper treatment and prevents complications such as nerve compression or joint infection.

Schedule a consultation today with Dr. Dolf Ichtertz at Nebraska Hand & Shoulder Institute to get expert care and lasting relief. Schedule your consultation today!